Planning a Trip to Mongolia: Routes, Timing and Realistic Decisions

The itinerary should obey the country, not the other way around

How arrivals, airports, buses, borders, roads and distances shape travel in Mongolia, especially for supported or multi-country itineraries.

Mongolia, a land of vast steppes, nomadic culture, and ancient traditions, offers travelers a unique and adventurous experience. From the bustling capital of Ulaanbaatar to the serene landscapes of the Gobi Desert and the Altai Mountains, Mongolia is a captivating destination. Proper planning can ensure a smooth and memorable trip. Here are some essential tips to help you prepare.

1. Research and Preparation

  • Learn About Local Customs: Understanding Mongolian customs and etiquette can greatly enhance your experience. Respect for elders, traditional greetings, and hospitality are important aspects of Mongolian culture.
  • Check Travel Advisories: Stay updated on travel advisories and health recommendations from your country’s government. Websites like CDC and WHO provide health guidelines for travelers.
  • Language Basics: Mongolian is the official language. Learning a few basic phrases in Mongolian can be very helpful. Consider bringing a phrasebook or downloading a language app.

2. Itinerary Planning

  • Suggested Itineraries: Depending on your travel duration, consider the following itineraries:
    • One Week: Focus on Ulaanbaatar, Terelj National Park, and Khustai National Park.
    • Two Weeks: Add visits to the Gobi Desert, Karakorum, and Orkhon Valley.
    • One Month: Explore more remote areas like the Altai Mountains, Khuvsgul Lake, and the Tsaatan reindeer herders.
  • Balancing Activities: Mix popular tourist spots with lesser-known attractions to avoid crowds and discover unique experiences. For example, combine visits to the bustling city of Ulaanbaatar with a trip to the remote Gobi Desert.

3. Budgeting and Costs

  • Typical Costs: Mongolia is affordable for travelers. Budget around $30-$50 per day for budget travel, including accommodation, food, and local transport.
    • Accommodation: Hostels and guesthouses range from $10-$20 per night. Yurt (ger) stays cost about $20-$30.
    • Food: Meals at local cafes cost $3-$5, while dining in restaurants can be $10-$20.
    • Transportation: Buses and trains are affordable, costing $1-$5 for local travel. Hiring a private driver or joining a tour for remote areas can be more expensive.
  • Money-Saving Tips: Use public transport, eat at local cafes, and consider group tours for activities like desert excursions and cultural tours.

4. Packing Essentials

  • Clothing: Pack layers to handle varying climates, from the cold mountains to the hot deserts. Include a warm jacket for the evenings, light clothing for warmer days, and a hat for sun protection.
  • Travel Gear: Essential items include a good daypack, comfortable walking shoes, a reusable water bottle, and a basic first aid kit.
  • Cultural Considerations: Dress modestly, especially when visiting rural areas and religious sites. Women should carry a scarf to cover their heads when entering monasteries.

5. Safety and Health

  • General Safety: Mongolia is generally safe, but stay aware of your surroundings, especially in crowded places. Keep your belongings secure and avoid walking alone at night in unfamiliar areas.
  • Health Precautions: Ensure you are up-to-date on routine vaccines. Consider vaccines for hepatitis A, hepatitis B, and typhoid. Bring medications for common ailments and any prescription drugs you need.
  • Altitude Sickness: If you plan to visit high-altitude areas like the Altai Mountains, acclimatize slowly and stay hydrated.

6. Transportation and Connectivity

  • Getting Around: Mongolia has a limited but functional transport network, including buses, trains, and domestic flights.
    • Trains: The Trans-Mongolian Railway connects Ulaanbaatar with Russia and China, offering a scenic and comfortable way to travel. Domestic trains connect major cities.
    • Buses and Taxis: Buses are the most common form of public transport in cities. Taxis are widely available and affordable; ensure the taxi is metered or agree on a fare beforehand.
  • Staying Connected: Buy a local SIM card for affordable mobile data. Major providers include Mobicom, Unitel, and G-Mobile. Wi-Fi is available in most hotels and cafes in cities, though it can be slow in remote areas.

Mongolia, with its vast landscapes and rich cultural heritage, offers a diverse and adventurous travel experience. By planning ahead, you can ensure a smooth and memorable journey, whether you're exploring the vibrant capital of Ulaanbaatar, trekking through the Altai Mountains, or experiencing the nomadic lifestyle in a traditional ger. Use these tips to make the most of your adventure in this fascinating country.